Document Type : Authored Book
Authors
1 Assistant professor of Damghan university
2 Master of graphics
Abstract
The Hessar civilization is one of the oldest civilizations of the Iranian plateau, which is located about one kilometer southeast of Damghan city, in Semnan province. The ancient site of Hessar has three main cultural periods, each of which is divided into shorter periods (layers). The pottery discovered from this ancient civilization is among the best handicrafts of the early inhabitants of the Iranian plateau. The makers of these pottery, sometimes close to reality and sometimes far from it, have drawn calculated motifs on the dishes, which shows their intellectual maturity and the way they look at their surroundings. The first period of Hessar civilization dates back to the fifth millennium BC and lasted until about 3600 BC. This course is divided into three layers. This period is famous for its engraved pottery. The pottery of this period was first made by hand and then by wheel. Therefore, we are witnessing the evolutionary growth of pottery art. This period is witness to the variety of motifs used to decorate its pottery. The second period, which includes from about 3600 to 2400 BC, the presence of patterned pottery and gray pottery is important. Among the patterned pottery, the role of stylized animals along with geometric motifs stand out. Of course, gray pottery is often decorated with a pattern. The third period of Hessar, which is known by the disappearance of the tradition of engraved pottery and the prevalence of gray pottery, was formed between 2400 and 1600 BC and consists of three layers. The pottery of this period is the continuation of the gray pottery of the previous periods. The present book intends to look closely at the periods and layers of Hessar civilization, separate and introduce the dishes and motifs used in each period, the method of burial, and the beliefs and beliefs of the prehistoric people in this region.
Keywords
Main Subjects
)